A year has passed since US President Donald Trump’s Committee on Peace (BoP) brokered a “ceasefire” aimed at finally ending Israel’s genocidal war in Gaza.
However, as the Israeli military expands its control over the territory, the Palestinians in the enclaves continue to be attacked and uprooted, rather than receiving relief or rebuilding opportunities.
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President Trump first proposed the BOP in September 2025, saying it would stabilize Gaza and ensure lasting peace.
In November, a UN Security Council resolution recognized the Council as Gaza’s “interim administration”.
But what did the board achieve? Here’s what we know.
What was BoP’s goal?
The BoP’s mission is enshrined in President Trump’s 20-point Gaza peace plan, as is the “ceasefire” between Israel and Hamas. The ceasefire began on October 10, 2025.
The plan envisaged steps that both sides would take that could ultimately create a “credible path” to a Palestinian state.
He called on the Israeli military to withdraw to about 50% of the Gaza Strip and cease airstrikes and artillery bombardment. It also called on Israel to release 250 Palestinian prisoners of war and another 1,700 imprisoned from Gaza since October 7, 2023, the date on which Hamas led the attack on southern Israel and Israel began the war. The plan proposes reopening border crossings to allow much-needed aid to Gaza.
The peace plan called for Hamas to release all Israeli prisoners. The group also proposed later steps to disarm the group and grant its members amnesty or safe exit from Gaza.
The peace plan established the BoP as an interim governing body until the Palestinian Authority takes over control of parts of the occupied West Bank.
The plan states that the US-led International Stabilization Force (ISF) was to take over security in Gaza following the withdrawal of Israeli forces. It also proposes rebuilding and redeveloping the Gaza Strip, saying its people have “suffered enough.”
What has BoP done in the past year?
In February, BoP member states, each participating in exchange for $1 billion in annual membership fees, met in Washington, D.C., for their first summit, where member states pledged $7 billion in funding, although aid agencies said rebuilding Gaza would cost nearly $70 billion.
On the sidelines of the United Nations General Assembly in New York last month, the BOP also announced a recovery plan for 66 projects worth $2.4 billion.
What has BoP achieved?
The achievements of the BoP are linked to the success of the Gaza peace plan.
Under it, Hamas released all 168 living prisoners, and Israel released Palestinian prisoners.
Hamas also announced the dissolution of the government in the Gaza Strip, which Israel dismissed as a “stunt”.
Other goals under the peace plan have only been partially achieved.
Governance is hampered. The National Committee for the Administration of Gaza (NCAG) was established to serve as Gaza’s governing body, but Israel does not allow it access to the Strip. NCAG reports directly to the Board of Directors and is headed by Chairman Ali Shaath and other Palestinian technocrats. It operates from Cairo. Israel has not given reasons why the committee will not be allowed access to Gaza.
Aid remains limited. According to the Integrated Food Security Tiering (IPC) hunger watchdog, about 227 aid trucks enter the Strip each day instead of the expected 600.
Israel classifies thousands of essential items, such as tents and essential equipment such as ventilators, as “dual-use” items, meaning they have military and civilian uses, and restricts their flow to the Strip. The IPC noted that approximately 1.4 million Palestinians, or most of Gaza’s population of more than 2 million, will suffer from hunger until at least December. This is 200,000 more people than faced hunger in May and suggests the situation has worsened significantly.
What hasn’t been accomplished?
Observers claimed that the BoP has completely failed to secure a “ceasefire” as Israeli attacks on the Strip continue on an almost daily basis.
Since October 10, 2025, more than 1,400 Palestinians, mostly women and children, have been killed. In the three years since the war began, more than 74,000 Palestinians are estimated to have been killed, with thousands more missing or trapped under rubble.
Israel claims that attacks targeting Hamas members continue, but the group vehemently denies the claims.
Israel currently holds about 60% of the Strip, up from the 50% agreed to in Trump’s peace plan. The “Yellow Line” demarcating the Israeli-occupied Gaza Strip has been pushed deeper into the Strip, causing further displacement and pushing Gaza’s population into an ever-shrinking area. A Palestinian who unknowingly crossed the “yellow line” was shot dead.
In December, Israeli Defense Minister Israel Katz said the military “will never fully withdraw” from the Strip.
Mohammad El-Masry from Doha Graduate University told Al Jazeera that Israel is simply continuing its widespread policy of “ethnic cleansing” in Gaza and the occupied West Bank. “They’re making life miserable,” he said, adding, “This is all by design.”
As a result, the BoP was also unable to ensure the disarmament of Hamas so that the second phase of the peace plan could begin.
Hamas has agreed to hand over weapons to NCAG, but rejects the “disarmament” clause because Israel has not ceased attacks or withdrawn from the Strip as agreed. At the same time, Israel has stated that it will not proceed with its plan unless Hamas disarms, and the two sides are in a standoff.
Meanwhile, stabilization forces have not been deployed. Six countries – Indonesia, Morocco, Kazakhstan, Albania, Kosovo and Uganda – have so far contributed personnel to form a security force of 20,000 soldiers and 12,000 police led by the US military’s Central Command (CENTCOM).
There has been no meaningful reconstruction in Gaza. Palestinians continue to live in tent camps infested with rodents and insects, with little protection from the intense heat and rain.
Will BoP take over UNRWA?
The Trump administration and the BoP echo Israel’s rejection of the United Nations Palestine Refugee Agency (UNRWA), which has long provided lifesaving, education, development programs and social services in the Gaza Strip and employs approximately 11,000 Palestinians.
Last month, the BoP said it would not cooperate with UNRWA, effectively sidelining it.
BoP officials told The Associated Press that UNRWA could continue its operations in Gaza if its program is deemed suitable, but that the agency’s “time is over”.
UNRWA said the move was “illogical”.
In June, the United Nations General Assembly overwhelmingly voted to extend UNRWA’s mandate until 2029. The BOP itself is mandated to oversee the peace process until December 2027, and its progress will be reviewed by the United Nations for possible updates.
Analysts and rights groups have expressed concern that the BoP could take over all aspects of Gaza reconstruction. Countries, including France and other European nations, have also condemned any attempt to replace the United Nations in the Strip.
But El-Masri said no country would take action. “There are a lot of international actors who don’t want to cross the United States,” he said. This effectively puts the fate of more than 2 million Palestinians in the hands of President Trump, he added.
Professor Simon Mabon of Lancaster University said that ultimately the BoP had “failed”.
“The failure to implement its own plan to end the Gaza conflict demonstrates Israel’s inability to ensure that it, and to a lesser extent Hamas, remain bound by their commitments, allowing the genocide to continue,” he concluded.
