A voter drops a mail-in ballot into an official drop box inside City Hall during the primary election in San Francisco, California, Tuesday, June 2, 2026.
David Paul Morris | Bloomberg | Getty Images
A federal appeals court on Saturday blocked President Donald Trump’s administration from enforcing an executive order in 23 states aimed at tightening mail-in voting rules ahead of November’s election that will determine control of Congress.
The Boston-based 1st U.S. Circuit Court of Appeals rejected the administration’s request to lift an injunction against several Democratic-led states secured on June 25 by a lower court judge who concluded that key parts of the Republican president’s order were unconstitutional.
The U.S. Department of Justice asked the court to suspend U.S. District Judge Indira Talwani’s ruling while it appeals, arguing that any lawsuit challenging Trump’s orders would be premature because the agency has not yet finalized actions or policies to implement the president’s directives.
The Court of Appeals rejected that argument in a 2-1 decision.
“As the district court reasoned,[the executive order]establishes a clear and rapidly approaching set of deadlines by which states must coordinate with federal authorities and follow new voting procedures, while states must ensure that state officials and the public understand the evolving set of rules that will govern the upcoming September and November elections,” the justices wrote. “Plaintiff states have no practical choice but to comply with the (order) now.”
Before Mr. Talwani issued his ruling, a federal judge in Washington, D.C., rejected a related effort by Democrats to block Mr. Trump’s order on similar grounds. The Justice Department warned that if the First Circuit does not rule in its favor, it may be forced to ask the U.S. Supreme Court to intervene.
President Trump’s March Executive Order
President Trump signed the executive order in March after years of pushing for stronger rules around mail-in voting and pushing false claims that his 2020 election defeat was the result of widespread voter fraud. Under the U.S. Constitution, states are assigned the role of administering federal elections.
The order comes in addition to President Trump’s other efforts to overhaul the election. He has made it a priority to get Congress to pass a dichotomous bill of voting restrictions called the SAVE America Act. The justices blocked previous executive orders he signed that required proof of citizenship for voter registration and limited the counting of mail-in ballots.
The March order directed the Department of Homeland Security to create and send to each state a list of verified U.S. citizens who are eligible to vote in each state, based on citizenship and naturalization records and other federal databases.
President Trump’s order also required the U.S. Postal Service to deliver ballots only to voters on each state’s approved mail-in voting list. The USPS recently moved to implement President Trump’s directive by issuing new proposed rules that would require states to provide names and barcodes associated with mail-in ballots.
It also directed the U.S. Department of Justice to prioritize investigating and prosecuting state and local election officials who issue federal ballots to people deemed “ineligible” to vote.
But Talwani sided with a coalition of 23 states and the District of Columbia led by California, Massachusetts, Nevada and Washington, saying the president does not have the authority to direct DHS to create voter eligibility lists for each state to use, and the USPS does not have the authority to institute legally binding regulations on mail-in voting.
The judge, appointed by Democratic President Barack Obama, also said that Trump cannot, through his orders, “intimidate local election officials into using the necessarily incomplete verified citizenship list as a source of information and avoiding criminal prosecution.”
